Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace

Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace.CHR (Constraint Handling Rules) est un langage de programmation adaptable qui permet de spécifier trés déclarativement des solveurs de contraintes. Un aspect important de leur mise au point concerne leur débogage. Les implantations actuelles de CHR offrent des possiblilités de traces avec relativement peu d'information. Dans ce rapport, nous proposons une nouvelle trace CHR qui contient suffisamment d'information pour analyser potentiellement tous les détails d'exécution de \CHRv, correspondant á un niveau d'analyse abstrait et utile, commun á différentes implémentations. Cette approche est fondée sur l'idée de trace générique. Une telle trace est définie comme une extension de la sémantique $\omega_r^\lor$ de CHR. On montre qu'elle peut être dérivée de la trace CHR de SWI Prolo

Condutividade elétrica e condicionamento osmótico com polietilenoglicol em sementes de Caryocar brasiliense armazenadas

The propagation of Caryocar brasiliense (pequizeiro) is still little known. This study aimed to evaluate different osmotic conditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the imbibition process and in the germination of pequi seeds, in addition to verifying the electrical conductivity to evaluate the viability of these seeds. The experiment was conducted with freshly dispersed pyrenes and with pyrenes stored for 90 days. The electrical conductivity of the aqueous solution was measured every six hours for up to 48 hours, using five replications with 20 seeds. The extracted seeds were placed in PEG solutions with osmotic potentials: 0.0; −1.0; −2.0; −3.0; −4.0 MPa, monitored at intervals of 12 hours to 60 hours, plus additional treatment with dry seeds without any type of imbibition. The design was completely randomized with four replications of 25 seeds for germination and four replications of ten seeds for monitoring water content during imbibition. Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), percentage of dead and live seeds at 40 days were evaluated. In seeds with longer storage time, the electrical conductivity was higher. Treatments that were not submitted to PEG showed higher GSI, lower mortality percentage and higher germination percentage with 40% and 37%, respectively. The electrical conductivity test was adequate.A propagação de Caryocar brasiliense (pequizeiro), ainda é pouco conhecida. Objetivou-se avaliar diferentes condições osmóticas com polietilenoglicol (PEG) no processo de embebição e na germinação de sementes de pequizeiro, além de verificar a condutividade elétrica para avaliar a viabilidade dessas sementes. O experimento foi conduzido com pirênios recém-dispersos e com pirênios armazenados por 90 dias. A condutividade elétrica da solução aquosa foi medida a cada seis horas por até 48 horas, usando cinco repetições com 20 sementes. As sementes extraídas foram colocadas em soluções de PEG com potenciais osmóticos: 0,0; −1,0; −2,0; −3,0; −4,0 MPa, monitorados com intervalo de 12 horas a 60 horas, mais o tratamento adicional com sementes secas sem nenhum tipo de embebição. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 25 sementes para germinação e quatro repetições de dez sementes para monitoramento do teor de água durante a embebição. Avaliou-se a porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), porcentagem de sementes mortas e vivas aos 40 dias. Nas sementes com maior tempo de armazenamento, a condutividade elétrica foi maior. Os tratamentos que não foram submetidos ao PEG apresentaram maior IVG, menor percentual de mortalidade e maior percentual de germinação com 40% e 37%, respectivamente. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi adequado

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND OSMOTIC CONDITIONING WITH POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL IN STORAGE Caryocar brasiliense SEEDS

The propagation of Caryocar brasiliense (pequizeiro) is still little known. This study aimed to evaluate different osmotic conditions with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the imbibition process and in the germination of pequi seeds, in addition to verifying the electrical conductivity to evaluate the viability of these seeds. The experiment was conducted with freshly dispersed pyrenes and with pyrenes stored for 90 days. The electrical conductivity of the aqueous solution was measured every six hours for up to 48 hours, using five replications with 20 seeds. The extracted seeds were placed in PEG solutions with osmotic potentials: 0.0; −1.0; −2.0; −3.0; −4.0 MPa, monitored at intervals of 12 hours to 60 hours, plus additional treatment with dry seeds without any type of imbibition. The design was completely randomized with four replications of 25 seeds for germination and four replications of ten seeds for monitoring water content during imbibition. Germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI), percentage of dead and live seeds at 40 days were evaluated. In seeds with longer storage time, the electrical conductivity was higher. Treatments that were not submitted to PEG showed higher GSI, lower mortality percentage and higher germination percentage with 40% and 37%, respectively. The electrical conductivity test was adequate

Aplicação da acupuntura auricular e seus efeitos neurofisiológicos / Application of auricular acupuncture and its neurophysiological effects

A acupuntura auricular (AA) consiste em uma técnica de aplicação em acupontos específicos cujos efeitos são baseados no envio de sinais ao SNC através de estímulos em ramos nervosos do pavilhão auricular.  Estudos atuais abordam a AA como alternativa não medicamentosa promissora no controle da obesidade e benéfica no tratamento de distúrbios neurológicos dolorosos e não dolorosos, tendo como base a regulação neurofisiológica simpática e parassimpática. O objetivo da atual pesquisa consiste em analisar a aplicabilidade e eficácia da AA no contexto da neurofisiologia. Realizou-se uma busca nas plataformas bibliográficas Scielo, PubMed, BVS e Science Direct entre os anos de 2016 a 2021. Foram encontrados 22 artigos e apenas 8 atenderam à necessidade da pesquisa. Quanto à obesidade, observou-se que a AA causou redução no peso corporal, inibiu a liberação de citocinas inflamatórias nos tecidos adiposos brancos, por meio da regulação da expressão dos níveis circulantes de Irisina através da estimulação do gene FNDC5. Ademais, atua na síntese de óxido nítrico e regula a expressão gênica da 5-hidroxitriptamina para o controle da dor e inflamação, juntamente com a liberação de dopamina, acetilcolina e noradrenalina. Além disso, atua nos nervos auriculotemporal; ramo auricular do nervo vago; nervo occipital menor; nervo auricular maior e nervo auriculotemporal, promovendo controle da dependência química, regulação dos sintomas da ansiedade, epilepsia e distúrbio do sono. Constatou-se que a acupuntura auricular foi efetiva no controle da obesidade, bem como na regulação da intensidade da dor e útil em uma variedade de distúrbios neurológicos. Ressalta-se a necessidade de mais estudos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A figueira

A figueira, originária da região da Ásia Menor e da Síria, foi cultivada e selecionada pela primeira vez pelos árabes e judeus, em uma região situada ao sudoeste da Ásia. É uma das mais antigas plantas cultivadas no mundo, sendo considerada pelos povos antigos como símbolo de honra e fertilidade. A cultura da figueira é interessante para o Brasil, que vem se destacando como um grande fornecedor de figos para o mundo, com 20% a 30% do volume total produzido no país destinado para a exportação. Neste livro, organizado por Sarita Leonel e Aloísio Costa Sampaio, diversas abordagens sobre esse fruto, tanto em seu aspecto econômico como biológico e até mesmo cultural, são feitas por especialistas, que procuram fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a figueira, demonstrando sua importância ao longo da história da humanidade, com referências registradas em escritos religiosos, políticos, artísticos, medicinais e gastronômicos